ACL Blogs

Written by ACL professionals

Scientific blogs on ACL written by ACL professionals. These are blogs or a literature review, a blog about a survey or information and supplement on a particular topics related to the ACL.

TeamACL Blog: Results from a retrospective evaluation

A, U or zigzag?

Nicky van Melick A, U or zigzag? Athletes with ACL reconstruction follow three major psychological patterns: Results from a retrospective evaluation of a local ACL register Traditionally, the emotions experienced by athletes after ACL reconstruction are described as linear or U-shaped. This already suggests that these emotional trajectories may vary between athletes. How athletes cope [...]
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: decades of change

ACL reconstruction rehabilitation: decades of change

Nicky van Melick Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation: decades of change Several rehabilitation guidelines for athletes with an ACL reconstruction have been published over the past decades. However, as new literature continues to emerge, there is an ongoing need to update these guidelines. The current guidelines lack advice on three key elements of rehabilitation: open-chain [...]
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ACL Rehabilitation in 2025

My name is Luis Escudero. For over 10 years, I have been fortunate to work as a physiotherapist in the field of football, and for the last five years, in professional football. During this time, I have gained hands-on experience in managing and rehabilitating musculoskeletal and sports injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This [...]
Neurophysiology of ACL Injury 3

Neurophysiology of ACL Injury

Bram Swinnen | Mikołaj Stańczak | Jakub Surmacz This work highlights the importance of approaching ACL injuries as a neurophysiological injury, not just as a structural one. The neurophysiology of ACL injury extends beyond the mechanical rupture of the ligament to encompass profound alterations in the central and peripheral nervous systems, impacting sensorimotor integration and neuromuscular control. [...]
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury Hidden in the Complex Sensorimotor System

Mikołaj Stańczak Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury Hidden in the Complex Sensorimotor System ACL injuries present significant challenges in sports medicine, particularly in restoring knee joint function and preventing further complications like subsequent injuries or post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Traditional rehabilitation techniques, which often rely on pre-planned exercises and standardized assessments, may not adequately prepare athletes for [...]
Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)- Transforming Injury and ACL Rehabilitation -1

Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence: Transforming Injury and ACL Rehabilitation

“Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI): Transforming Injury and ACL Rehabilitation” My name is Luis Escudero. For over 10 years, I have been fortunate to work as a physiotherapist in the field of football, and for the last five years, in professional football. During this time, I have gained hands-on experience in managing and [...]
Reference values for quadriceps and hamstrings strength & double- and single-leg jump tests1 DL

Return to running too quickly after ACL surgery

Nicky van Melick | Tim Sayer Is it time to develop specific return to running criteria for ACL rehabilitation? An international survey of physiotherapists criteria for return to running following ACL injury. Return to running too quickly after anterior cruciate ligament surgery can negatively affect long term knee health. Since it’s unclear which criteria should be [...]
Return to sports after an ACL reconstruction in 2024 – A glass half full? A narrative review

Return to sports after an ACL reconstruction in 2024

Wouter Welling Return to sports after an ACL reconstruction in 2024 – A glass half full? A narrative review A successful return to sports (RTS) after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is multifactorial, and therefore difficult and challenging. Over the past years, test batteries were developed to assess whether patients can RTS with a [...]
reference-values-for-quadriceps-and-hamstrings-strength-double-and-single-leg-jump-tests

Reference values for quadriceps and hamstrings strength & double- and single-leg jump tests

Nicky van Melick | Rob Bogie Reference values for quadriceps and hamstrings strength & double- and single-leg jump tests During rehabilitation of athletes after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the operated leg is often compared to the non-operated leg when performing strength and jump tests. This helps to determine whether it is safe for [...]
Influence of female sex and graft choice on the incidence of cyclops lesions after ACL reconstruction

Influence of female sex and graft choice on the incidence of cyclops lesions after ACL reconstruction

Nicky van Melick, Rob Jansen & Rob Bogie Influence of female sex and double-quadruple semitendinosus-gracilis graft on the incidence of postoperative symptomatic cyclops lesions after ACL reconstruction. Risk factors for developing a cyclops lesion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are still unclear. Therefore, we investigated which factors contribute to this. In total, we reviewed [...]
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Blood Flow Restriction Training in ACL Rehab

Mathias Thoelen | www.thebfrpros.com Blood Flow Restriction Training in ACL Rehab – It’s not if, It’s when! “You should begin high-quality rehabilitation immediately after an ACL injury”, as earlier stated in a blog post. Everyone with an ACL injury experiences early loss in muscle mass and muscle strength. So the first phase is crucial!  Can we [...]
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Isokinetic testing after ACL rehabilitation in football players

Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps strength interpretation guideline for football (soccer) players with ACL reconstruction: a delphi consensus study in the Netherlands ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank FC Kruisband and the FC Kruisband network for their support and cooperation in expert selection and recruitment. Jiska Kempen PT PhD, product specialist motion analysis, is acknowledged for her valuable [...]
blog nicky van melick

During 8 episodes of this blog we will cover both recognition and treatment of knee pain after ACL reconstruction caused by: changes in gait pattern, the patellofemoral joint, Hoffa’s fat pad, and the hamstring muscles.

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Return to sports after ACL reconstruction book

Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: Part 4

Blog 4 written by Wouter Welling.  Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: part 4. How do patients move? Movement technique in ACL patients In determining whether patients can return to sport after ACL reconstruction, the focus is often on so-called ‘quantitative outcomes’ such as jumped distances, as we have seen in, for example, Blog #4. [...]
Return to sports after ACL reconstruction book

Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: Part 3

Blog 3 written by Wouter Welling.  Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: part 3. Hop testing Most athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (VKBR) are familiar with them: hop tests. Single-leg hop tests where the goal is to achieve the same scores with your affected leg as with your unaffected leg. In this [...]
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Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 8

Blog 8 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 8. How to treat pain related to the hamstrings? After ACL reconstruction, various changes occur in the hamstrings, and this is not only true for patients for whom a hamstring graft was used. Weakness of the gluteus maximus could contribute to hamstring [...]
Return to sports after ACL reconstruction book

Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: Part 2

Blog 2 written by Wouter Welling.  Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: part 2. Muscle strength after VKB reconstruction To return to sport successfully and as safely as possible after a VKB reconstruction, sufficient muscle strength is very important. The most important muscle groups for good knee function are the quadriceps and hamstrings. When there [...]
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Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 7

Blog 7 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 7. How to recognize pain related to the hamstrings? In this blog we discuss the theoretical background of pain or cramps related to the hamstrings and explore whether these hamstring complaints originate from the hamstrings or not. How to recognize pain related [...]
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Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 6

Blog 6 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 6. How to treat pain related to Hoffa’s fat pad? Hoffa’s fat pad serves a crucial role in maintaining knee homeostasis, rather than merely occupying the dead space in the anterior knee. Its vulnerability during knee arthroscopy, a component of ACL reconstruction, [...]
nickyvanmelick presentatie

Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 5

Blog 5 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 5. How to recognize pain caused by Hoffa’s fat pad? If your patient experiences anterior knee pain during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction, but you excluded patellofemoral pain (PFP) as a cause, a differential diagnosis is pain caused by Hoffa’s fat pad. The [...]
nickyvanmelick presentatie

Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 4

Blog 4 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 4. How to treat patellofemoral pain? After reading blog 3, you’ll be able to exclude other diagnoses of anterior knee pain and include patellofemoral pain (PFP) as the diagnosis for your patient after ACL reconstruction. But what’s next? What do we need [...]
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ACL & Genetics

Blog 1 written by Florian Forelli.  ACL & Genetic INTRODUCTION Genomics is a science, which has enabled to study the variability of the genetic material of every living thing. Many factors, such as training, nutrition, motivation, but also genetics and epigenetics, are responsible for the performance of an athlete. This is no longer to be [...]
nickyvanmelick presentatie

Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 3

Blog 3 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 3. How to recognize patellofemoral pain? Many athletes with ACL reconstruction experience patellofemoral pain (PFP) during their postoperative rehabilitation process. But how will you recognize PFP and distinguish this condition from other anterior knee pain diagnoses? How to recognize patellofemoral pain? Prevalence [...]
Return to sports after ACL reconstruction book

Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: Part 1

Blog 1 written by Wouter Welling.  Return to sports after ACL reconstruction: part 1. When can I resume my sports activity? Return to pre-injury level of sports is often the goal for patients after a reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Before surgery, more than 90% of athletes expect to return to sports after [...]
nickyvanmelick presentatie

Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 2

Blog 2 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 2. How to recognize pain caused by changes in gait pattern? After reading blog 1, you’ll be able to recognize knee pain due to changes in gait pattern. So I guess your next question will be how to help these patients reduce [...]
nickyvanmelick presentatie

Knee pain after ACL reconstruction: Part 1

Blog 1 written by Nicky van Melick.  Knee pain after ACL Reconstruction: part 1. How to recognize pain caused by changes in gait pattern? Unfortunately, many patients during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction experience knee pain. I want to share my experience about four main causes of knee pain that every day-to-day clinician needs to be [...]

ACL Surgery

ACL Surgery vs Non-Operative Management Each case should be assessed individually and a discussion should be had between the patient, physical therapist and doctor as to the best course of action required. If you tear the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in your knee, you may need to have surgery or not. Several factors come into consideration [...]

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